Rodolfo Gambini (born 11 May 1946) is a physicist and professor of the Universidad de la Republica in Montevideo, Uruguay and a visiting professor at the Horace Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Louisiana State University.

From there he moved to the Universidad Simón Bolívar in Venezuela where he rose through the professorial ranks.

It was there that together with fellow physicist Antoni Trías he invented the loop representation for Yang-Mills theories in 1986.

He is the 2003 winner of the Third World Academy of Sciences prize in physics and has received numerous distinctions in Uruguay.

In particular he was awarded the 2004 Presidential Medal of Science, the Prize to the Intellectual Work in 2011 and made an honorary doctorate of the University of the Republic in 2010.