The Diamond and Caldor Railway was a common carrier 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad operating in El Dorado County, California, in the United States.
The company bought 30,000 acres of wooded land in El Dorado county in 1899 as a source of timber for their plant.
They initially used oxen to haul felled trees to their sawmill on the Cosumnes River.
In 1902, a steam-powered sawmill was constructed at Caldor, California and a planning mill 36 miles away at Diamond Springs on the Central Pacific Railroad.
Because the Diamond and Caldor was a common carrier, it had to comply with Interstate Commerce Commission regulations.