[3] Roger Mills county is located above the petroleum-rich Panhandle-Hugoton Field, making it one of the leading sources of oil, natural gas and helium.

Mills, an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later senator from Texas.

The county's western boundary with Texas was moved eastward 3,800 feet (1,200 m) when the Supreme Court ruled that the 100th Meridian was farther east than originally supposed.

[4] The Washita River passes by Cheyenne and Strong City as it crosses the county from west to east.

The historically significant Antelope Hills lie in the northeastern part of the county.

28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The county economy has depended on agriculture, which has benefitted from the fact that it lies above the Ogallala Aquifer.

[4] Petroleum and natural gas production has become an important contributor since discovery of the Panhandle-Hugoton Field.

[14][15] Roger Mills County is heavily Republican, like most of rural western Oklahoma.