Rolla Eugene Dyer (November 4, 1886 – June 3, 1971) was an American physician born in Delaware County, Ohio.

[2] His first assignment involved fieldwork on bubonic plague in New Orleans.

Five years later he joined the staff of the U.S. Hygienic Laboratory, became chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases in 1936, and director of National Institutes of Health from 1942 until his retirement in 1950.

In 1950 he was awarded the Walter Reed Medal from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

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