John Fleetezelle Anderson (March 14, 1873 – September 29, 1958) was the third director of the United States Hygienic Laboratory, the precursor to the National Institutes of Health, from October 1, 1909 to November 19, 1915.

[1] After graduating he studied bacteriology abroad in Vienna, Paris, and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.

He resigned in 1915 to become the director of the Research and Biological Laboratories and later vice president of E. R. Squibb & Sons.

He developed an experimental measles model in rhesus monkeys with Joseph Goldberger.

[3] In 1955, the University of Virginia established the John F. Anderson Memorial Lectureship in his honor.