As of 2003, of the 2.2 million citizens in the area 856,168 are members of the Catholic Church.

The archdiocese is subdivided into 25 parishes, and has 114 priests altogether.

The archdiocese dates back to the Vicariate Apostolic of Ruwenzori, which was erected on May 28, 1934 by splitting the Vicariate Apostolic of Uganda.

On March 25, 1953 it was elevated to a diocese and renamed after its principal town Mbarara.

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