It has its cathedra within St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral in the eponymous capital of the island of Rhodes.
A Catholic see was established on the island when it became the seat of the Knights Hospitaller in 1308 following their conquest of Rhodes.
In 1523, with the fall of the island to the Ottoman Empire, it was suppressed as a residential diocese but turned into a titular see.
On March 28, 1928, it was restored as non-metropolitan, exempt Archdiocese of Rhodos on the territory of the suppressed Apostolic Prefecture of Rhodes and adjacent islands.
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