The diocese has the distinction of being the first Catholic ecclesiastical territory erected on the island of Taiwan.

In 1961, the Prefecture was elevated to a full diocese, and became a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Taipei.

The current bishop is Peter Liu Cheng-chung, appointed in January 2006.

In November 2009, he was given the "ad personam" (personal) title of archbishop by Pope Benedict XVI.

This article on a Roman Catholic diocese in Asia is a stub.