It has a population of around 1.09 million people with over 240,000 baptized Catholics (*Source: Central Statistics of the State; Secretariat of State; (2011) The first Missionaries to evangelize Kitui were Holy Ghost fathers (Congregation of the Holy Spirit) from Kabaa (Machakos diocese) in early 1930s.

Kitui Apostolic Prefecture was carved out from the Archdiocese of Nairobi in 1956 and placed under care of Saint Patrick's Society for the Foreign Missions (also known as the Kiltegan Fathers).

Peter Muema Kyumbua and Boniface Lele Emeritus Archbishop of Mombasa (RIP), who were ordained in 1974.

Anthony Muheria was appointed bishop of Kitui taking possession on 10 August 2008.

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