Its current bishop, Galo Fernández Villaseca, was appointed on 20 March 2021.

The dioceses of Talca, of Rancagua and of San Felipe were erected by Pope Pius XI on 18 October 1925 by means of the Bulla "Notabiliter Aucto".

[citation needed] The diocese lies in the Maule Region of Chile and covers a territory of 17,000 km².

It is comprised by the province of Curicó and by eight municipalities (comunas) of the province of Talca (the parishes of the municipalities of Empedrado and Constitución are jurisdictionally attached to the neighboring diocese of Linares, from an ecclesiastical point of view).

The diocese is divided into 45 parishes (as of April 2015), grouped in 5 pastoral zones.