The park is located in Innlandet county, in the municipalities of Dovre, Folldal, Sel, Nord-Fron, Sør-Fron, Stor-Elvdal, and Ringebu.

[1] Rondane is a typical high mountain area, with large plateaus and a total of ten peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).

Apart from the white birch trees of the lower areas, the soil and rocks are mostly covered by heather and lichen, due to a lack of nutrients.

The central massif is also cut by "botns": flat, dead stone valleys below the steep mountain walls of the peaks.

Generally, Rondane does not receive enough precipitation to generate persistent glaciers, but glacier-like heaps of snow can be found in the flat back valleys.

At the centre of the park lies the lake Rondvatnet, from which all the peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in elevation can be reached in less than one day's walk.

Rondane has ten peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) including: In many parts of the park, there are spread-out holes (kettle holes) created by small remains of ice age glaciers, and peculiar small hills called "eskers" made by ground moraine released from melting glaciers.

Accompanying the substantial traps, smaller arched stone structures are presumed to have served as concealment for archers awaiting their targets.

Norman Heitkøtter was president of the commission, and made it possible by Royal resolution to establish Rondane National Park.

Furthermore, zones with reduced levels of protection, encompassing both landscape and nature conservation areas, were instituted in conjunction with the park.

[1] Rondane contains a few small canyons which were created by the rapid ice melting, most prominently Jutulhogget and Vesle-Ula.

To protect the reindeer population in their core area during the last ten years[update], hiking trails have been moved.

[1] Other large game, including roe deer and elk (moose) are commonplace along the rims of the park and occasionally musk ox from Dovre can be seen.

The lichen provide food for the reindeer, but also fertilize the earth, making it possible for less hardy plants to grow, and mice and lemmings to feed.

A third writer who set one of his famous works in Rondane is the poet Aasmund Olavsson Vinje with his poem Ved Rundarne.

Several mountains in the area have the ending -ronden (Digerronden, Høgronden, Midtronden, Storronden and Vinjeronden), and this is the finite singular of the same word.