Rowland is a large lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the Moon, on the far side from the Earth.

The outer wall of Rowland has been rounded by a long history of minor impacts, leaving the edge somewhat irregular and rough.

Attached to the exterior of the eastern rim is the huge walled plain Birkhoff, an even older and more worn formation.

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Rowland.

The area south of Rowland R is characterised by an extremely high rockfall density by lunar standards.