Roxie Collie Simpson Laybourne (September 15, 1910 – August 7, 2003) was an American ornithologist born in Fayetteville, North Carolina.

Fish and Wildlife Service from 1946 to 1974, before retiring and joining the National Museum of Natural History as a research associate.

This information was instrumental in safety improvements within the manufacturing of aircraft engines, the development of military fighter canopies, and the creation of runway management plans.

Laybourne's skills in forensic ornithology helped solve around 1,000 cases of bird-related airplane incidents a year.

Laybourne's work was recognized by the Air Force Bird Strike Committee in 1966 with its lifetime achievement award.