[11] After graduating with her bachelor's degree in 2004, Rahmani returned to Afghanistan and worked for several Canadian nonprofits focusing on human rights, women's empowerment, and education.

[1] During this time Rahmani worked on a marriage document that secured equitable rights for the family and contributed to data collection at a national level.

[16] On 14 December 2018, Rahmani was appointed Ambassador to the United States by President Ghani, the first woman to hold the position.

[22] Rahmani and Musawah "decided to prioritise the marriage contract because it seemed to be a feasible and practical remedy to secure the rights of women within families.

Amending the family law required complex procedures, whereas the marriage contract only needed the Supreme Court’s approval”.

[24] She encouraged the formation of more women's ulamas, saying "It's time to get angry about violence committed in the name of our religion that we practice every day to seek refuge and peace.

[28][29] After the taliban's comeback to power in August 2021 and the following worsening of women's rights in the country,[30] Roya Rahmani has been especially vocal about this situation.

"[35] Pajhwok Afghan News has released a series of media reports making accusations against Rahmani, including regarding a construction project at the DC embassy.

[37][38][39] The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a full rejection of their claims, addressing specific accusations made by Pajhwok.

[40] Rahmani released an article via Afghan media platform 8AM denying the accusations and calling for a full investigation.

[41] Indictment documents leaked to TOLOnews show that the Attorney General has accused two former officials and Rahmani of corruption in the construction of a 70-meter wall in Afghanistan’s embassy in Washington, DC.

[44][43][45] However, the ACJC has said it rejects the allegations and returned the indictment papers to the Attorney General's Office, citing technical and investigative shortcomings.

[43] On 31 July 2021, the Washington Post published an investigative report demonstrating that it was a politically motivated case against Rahmani.

The UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, Richard Bennett, appointed in April 2022, undertook his first visit to the country from 15th to 26th May 2022.

Bennet also said the erasure of women from public life was especially concerning, citing measures such as the suspension of girls’ secondary education, severe barriers to employment and limits on freedom of movement, association and expression.