Rudolf Buttmann (4 July 1885 – 25 January 1947) was a German lawyer, Bavarian State Library director and Nazi politician.

In 1910 he received his doctorate in political science from Munich University and, on 1 October of that year, he began work at the Bavarian State Parliament Library.

Drawn to the nationalist and anti-Semitic platform of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party, Buttmann took part in the failed Beer Hall Putsch on 9 November 1923.

During a debate in the Landtag in July 1927 concerning a drop in Bavarian tourism, Buttmann ascribed it not to anti-Semitic agitation, but to the presence of Jews in the Alpine spa of Bad Reichenhall, along with other non-German influences such as jazz music, which he denounced using vulgar, racist terms.

[2] In September 1932, Buttmann became the head of the Main Department (Hauptabteilung) for Popular Education in the Nazi Party's Reichsleitung (National Leadership).

He then left the Interior Ministry to become Director General of the Bavarian State Library, a post which he held from 1 October 1935 to the fall of the Nazi regime in May 1945.