Ruhulla Akhundov (Azerbaijani: Руһулла Әли оғлу Ахундов, romanized: Ruhulla Əli oğlu Axundov; 1 January 1897 – 21 April 1938) was an Azerbaijani Soviet politician, publisher and journalist who was the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan from 1925 to 1926, under the Soviet leadership of Joseph Stalin.

After the final establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, he became the head of the department for work in the villages of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the Azerbaijan SSR, then secretary of the Baku party committee, editor of the newspaper "Communist" and other periodicals.

In the period from 1924 to 1930 Akhundov secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the Azerbaijan SSR, director of Azerneshra (state book publishing house) and served as People's Commissar of Education of the Azerbaijan SSR.

Akhundov was one of the first translators of the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Lenin into Azerbaijani.

In 1938, he was arrested for "participation in terrorist activities" and sentenced to execution by firing squad by Military Tribunal.