Rukmini

[10][11][12] Rukmini is revered as the avatar of Lakshmi and is venerated primarily in Warkari,[13] and Haridasa tradition,[citation needed] and additionally in Sri Vaishnavism.

[18][17] Other names and epithets include: According to the epic Mahabharata and other Puranic scriptures, Princess Rukmini was born to Bhishmaka—the king of Vidarbha kingdom, belonging to the Bhoja dynasty.

[25] In the message, she wrote to Krishna about her love and asked him to abduct her when she visited the temple of Goddess Ambika (Parvati) before her wedding.

Rukmini grew anxious as she observed the host of kings, wondering if the Brahmin she had dispatched had not reached safely or not, and if the Almighty would assist her in her efforts.

[31][non-primary source needed] It is stated in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana (Krishna Janma Khanda, Chapter 105, Verses 9–14) she had reached puberty and was ready for marriage according to her father.

[32][33] [non-primary source needed] In the Bhagavata Purana (Dasama Skandha, Chapter 53, Verse 51), she has been described as having budding breasts.

[34][35][36][37][non-primary source needed] In the Harivamsa, a supplement to Mahabharata, (Vishnu Parva, Chapter 59, Verse 35-40), it is stated about Rukmini that "her lips, eyes and the corners were coppery, thighs, hips and breast were plump, her body was tall but thin and beautiful; her countenance was like the moon, her nails were red; eye-brows were charming, hairs were curling and black and her beauty was highly picturesque.

"[38][39] [non-primary source needed] The Bhagavata Purana describes an episode through the sage Shuka where the yet unwed Rukmini takes a bejewelled whisk and starts fanning her prospective husband Krishna, wearing an expensive girdle and a dazzling necklace.

Even though he is pleased, Krishna points to the fact that the princess had been desired by a number of handsome and energetic monarchs and states that he was not their equal, and that he had also almost lost his realm rescuing her.

Rukmini's heart shuddered, her red nails scratched the floor, and tears flowed from her eyes that were decorated with collyrium.

[43][25][44] In the Harivamsa, Rukmini's sons are Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Charuchandra, Charugarbha, Sudangstra, Druma, Sushena, Charugupta, Charuvinda, and Chharuvahu.

A different listing is found in Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata, where Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Sucharu, Charuvesa, Yasodhana, Charusravas, Charuyasas, and Sambhu are Rukmini's sons.

Though this story is absent in the main scriptures pertaining to Krishna's life, it is often repeated to enunciate the worth of Rukmini's love over Satyabhama's material wealth.

Narada informed her that her husband - a manifestation of Vishnu - was the Supreme Being himself, he rhetorically wondered how she could expect to keep his company in an exclusive garden.

The goddess Bhagirathi, the personification of the Ganga, produced a richly-endowed forest on the spot, laden with fruits and flowers, quickly to be frequented by the inhabitants of Dvaraka.

The repentant Durvasa begged Krishna to reunite with Rukmini, and the deity consented, blessing the sage with virtue as well as saluting the river Ganga, who then became the liberator of sorrows.

[53][54] After the disappearance of Krishna following the Yadu massacre in the Mausala Parva, Rukmini, along with Jambavati, self-immolated herself on the funeral pyre.

[55][56] In many texts, the Brahman dispatched by Rukmini to request Krishna to elope with her on her svayamvara describes the princess poetically as bearing beautiful hands, braided tresses, and a face that resembles the moon.

[63] Rukmini finds her mention in Gopala Tapani Upanishad (as Krishna's other consort),[65] in the Garga Samhita (as Queen of Dvaraka),[66] in Bhagavata Purana (as Krishna's chief queen),[67] in Brahma Vaivarta Purana,[68] in Harivaṃśa that centres upon Dvaraka,[69] and in Mahabharata, mainly in the Adi Parva and the Mausala Parva.

[72][73] The Brihad Bhagavatamrita offers the following adulations to Rukmini, identifying her with Lakshmi and Krishna as the Supreme God, the source of all avatars.

According to D.C. Sircar, a sculpture from Paharpur in northern Bengal, attributed to the sixth or seventh century, represents Krishna and his consort, which he concludes is likely Rukmini.

[77][78][79] Rukmini is mainly worshipped in west and south Indian states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.

It is observed on the eighth day of the waning moon in the Hindu lunar month of Pausha (December—January on the Common Era calendar).

Rukmini is acknowledged with special pujas and rituals in all of the temples dedicated to Krishna, especially those in those parts of India, especially associated with him such as Mathura and Vrindavan.

[84] Abhishekam - specifically called Snapana Thirumanjanam (Holy bathing), is performed to the utsava murthy and his consorts on all the three days.

There is a legend that Krishna asked the Mishmi people to cut their hair as a form of punishment for not allowing him to marry Rukmini.

A painting depicting Rukmini eloping with Krishna from a temple of Ambika ( Parvati ).
Late 18th century painting of the wedding of Krishna and Rukmini
Statue of Vittala Rakhumai, Thennangur
Rukmini with shanka, chakra and gada in Rukmini Temple, Dwaraka
Krishna and Rukmini at Temple Sri Sanatan, Montreal . Rukmini always appears on the left side of Krishna. [ 64 ]
Vithoba (left) with his consort Rakhumai at the Sion Vitthal temple, Mumbai
Rukmini at the New Dwarka Hare Krishna temple, Los Angeles
Krishna abducting Rukmini - Museum of Fine Arts