Martin became the everyday catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers immediately upon his MLB debut in 2006, and continued in that role for nearly five years.

In November 2012, Martin signed a two-year free agent contract with the Pirates, and took over the team's everyday catcher duties.

[3] He then attended Chipola College for two years before being chosen in the 17th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft by the Los Angeles Dodgers.

[4] Drafted as a third baseman, Martin played his first professional season with the Gulf Coast Dodgers, and hit .286 with 10 RBI in 41 games.

[4][6] Martin played the 2003 minor league season with the Ogden Raptors, and was later promoted to the Class-A South Georgia Waves.

[5] Martin was a Florida State League All-Star catcher while with the Vero Beach Dodgers in 2004, playing 122 games and batting .250 with 15 home runs and 64 RBI.

[5] In 2005, he played in a career-high 129 games for the Double-A Jacksonville Suns and made the All-Star team, hitting .311 with 9 home runs and 61 RBI.

On June 6, 2006, Martin and Éric Gagné made baseball history by becoming the first French Canadian battery in the majors.

[6][9] On August 13, 2006, Martin hit his first career walk-off home run in a victory that completed a sweep of the rival San Francisco Giants.

[11] On April 21, 2007, Martin hit a walk-off grand slam against Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Shawn Chacón in the bottom of the 10th inning.

[12] In May 2007, Martin broke the Dodgers' franchise record for single-season steals by a catcher (12) set by John Roseboro in 1962.

[19] Martin's 10 innings caught are tied for fourth place all time among all star catchers in a single game.

In August, Martin suffered a torn labrum in his right hip when he was trying to avoid a tag at home plate in a game against the Padres.

In the NL Wild Card Game on October 1, 2013, Martin hit a pair of solo home runs as the Pirates defeated the Cincinnati Reds 6-2.

[31] Martin received a standing ovation from the fans at Olympic Stadium on April 3, as the Blue Jays played their final two spring training games in Montreal for the second consecutive year.

[32] On April 19, 2015, Martin caught Jeff Francis in his debut for the Blue Jays, and in doing so formed the first all-Canadian battery in franchise history.

[34] Martin established a new career-high in home runs on September 26, hitting his 22nd of the season to aid the Blue Jays to a 10–8 win over the Tampa Bay Rays.

[37] Martin was announced as a finalist for the catcher Gold Glove award, along with Salvador Pérez and Jason Castro.

In the final game of the 2018 season, Martin managed the Blue Jays, the team wound up losing in his managerial debut.

[39] On January 11, 2019, the Blue Jays traded Martin to the Dodgers for prospects Ronny Brito and Andrew Sopko.

[42] On August 28, 2019, Martin became the first position player to pitch in a shutout victory since October 3, 1917, when George Kelly of the New York Giants did so.

In an effort to quit the use of chewing tobacco in 2009, Martin began wearing a custom-fitted mouthpiece during the WBC and Spring training.

[48] However, Martin was left off Team Canada's WBC roster on February 8, 2017, due to insurance complications relating to his offseason minor knee surgery.