Aniva (Russian: Ани́ва) is a coastal town and the administrative center of Anivsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of Aniva Bay in southern Sakhalin Island on the Lyutoga River, 37 kilometers (23 mi) south of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

In 1905, it was ceded to Japan with the rest of the southern part of Sakhalin by the Treaty of Portsmouth and renamed Rutaka (留多加町, Rutaka-chō) by the Japanese.

The village was recaptured by the Soviet Union in 1945; it was granted town status and renamed Aniva in 1946.

[citation needed] The origin of the name of the bay is most likely associated with the Ainu words “en” and “willow”.

The first is usually translated as “existing, located”, and the second as “mountain range, rock, peak”; thus, “Aniva” can be translated as “having ridges” or “located among the ridges (mountains)” Within the framework of administrative divisions, Aniva serves as the administrative center of Anivsky District and is subordinated to it.