Rylsk (Russian: Рыльск) is a town and the administrative center of Rylsky District in Kursk Oblast, western Russia, located on the right bank of the Seym River (Dnieper's basin) 124 kilometres (77 mi) west of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast.

[9] The Polish king Casimir IV made a grant of it to Dmitry Shemyaka's son Ivan, who had settled in Lithuania.

Ivan's son Vasily defected to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, but Lithuanians held the town until 1522.

[10] During World War II, the town was occupied by the German Army from October 5, 1941 to August 31, 1943.

Some of the most prominent buildings in the town were commissioned by the Shelikhov merchants who traded with Alaska Natives in North America in the late 18th century, the most famous of whom, Grigory Shelekhov, was born in the town.