A related study (the "Phambili trial") using the same experimental vaccine was conducted simultaneously in South Africa.
[3] Enrollment began in North and South America, the Caribbean and Australia in December 2004, and was completed in March 2007.
Candidates for enrollment into the study were men and women identified as high risk for acquiring HIV infection but who were currently HIV-negative.
Each of the three vectors expressed a single gene encoding a protein from the HIV virus: gag, pol, or nef.
[8] Alan Aderem of Seattle Biomed stated that "the experimental inoculation... actually increased the chances that some people would later acquire HIV.