Samuel B. H. Vance (1814 – August 10, 1890) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party.

As president of the New York City Board of Aldermen from 1873 to 1874, he briefly became Acting Mayor of New York City between the death of the elected mayor, William Havemeyer, on November 30, 1874, and the inauguration of his elected successor, William H. Wickham, on January 1, 1875.

In 1854, Vance began participating in a series of firms making gas and electric lighting fixtures in New York City, twice succeeding company presidents who had died.

The commission recommended that, because of increased traffic and commercial density in this area, the Broadway Surface Railroad Company be granted a franchise to start and operate a horse (rather than cable) drawn line along this route.

Together, they were the parents of: Vance died at his home in Douglaston, Long Island, shortly after midnight on August 10, 1890, at the age of 76.