Samuel Botsford Buckley (May 9, 1809 – February 18, 1884) was an American botanist, geologist, and naturalist.
Buckley investigated the botany of the southern United States and discovered many new species of plants and mollusks.
Buckley served as an assistant to Texas chief geologist Benjamin Franklin Shumard.
He was the scientific editor of the State Gazette in Austin, Texas from 1871 to 1872.
He wrote numerous scientific papers as well as a book on the trees and shrubs of the United States.