The church building at the site, poorly conserved, was transferred in 1350 by the patronage of Count Valerio Valeri[1] to the Franciscan flagellant Confraternity of St Jerome and underwent reconstruction.
This reconstruction, begun in 1646 and designed by Gaspare Vigarani and completed by Girolamo Beltrami and Francesco Mori, led to the Baroque interiors we see today.
The atrium stairs are meant to be a replica of the Scala Santa in Rome, and lead up to two flanking rectangular oratories.
Below the Rotonda, is the crypt or Sotterranea, built with the proportions measured by Pratonieri, was meant to be a replica of the sepulchre of Christ.
[3][4] The Confraternity of the church commissioned from Camillo Procaccini (1555-1629) an altarpiece depicting the Madonna and Child with Saints Vitalis, Jerome and Francis, was looted by the Napoleonic forces, and now on display in the Galleria Estense of Modena.