A more ancient church dedicated to St Peter had been located at this spot, in the incline (ad vallum) between the old Roman town and the coast.
The dome was built (1696) atop an octagonal tiburium by Girolamo Caccia, and decorated on the interior by Lauro Buonaguardia in 1699-1700.
The third chape on the left has a canvas depicting St Paul resuscitates Eutichius by Lorenzo Garbieri.
The third chapel on the right has two canvases depicting a Crucifixion and Deposition by Alessandro Vitali, placed adjacent to a wooden Crucifix by Pietro Liberi.
The original main altarpiece by Guido Reni, depicting the Consignment to St Peter of the Keys (1626) was also looted by the French.