Sanatruq I (also spelled Sanatruk I; Hatran Aramaic: 𐣮𐣭𐣨𐣣𐣥𐣲) was the first king of Hatra, an ancient city in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).

[1] Sanatruq I was one of the first rulers of Hatra calling himself 𐣬𐣫𐣪 malka ("king"), but he bears also the title 𐣬𐣣𐣩𐣠 mry' (administrator).

[2] He was granted the title of king by his Parthian overlord Vologases IV (r. 147–191), due to the increasing strategic importance of the city during that period.

[3][4] Indeed, during the 2nd-century Hatra blossomed, serving as an important religious and commercial centre.

The city was well fortified, previously successfully containing the attacks of the Roman emperor Trajan (r. 98–117) thrice.