[3][4][5] Nodding and rotation of the head, neck extension, gurgling, writhing movements of the limbs, and severe hypotonia have also been noted.
Associated symptoms, such as epigastric discomfort, vomiting (which may involve blood) and abnormal eye movements have been reported.
Misdiagnosis as benign infantile spasms or epileptic seizures is common, particularly where clear signs or symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux are not apparent.
Early diagnosis is critical, as treatment is simple and leads to prompt resolution of the movement disorder.
[2] Successful treatment of the associated underlying disorder, such as GORD or hiatus hernia, may provide relief.