Santa Rosalía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta rosaˈli.a]) is a town and municipality located in the Department of Vichada, Colombia.

The municipality has an average temperature of 28 °C throughout the year, persisting a hot and dry climate.

The area of present-day Santa Rosalia was inhabited by indigenous tribes, predominantly the Guahibo people.

Upon the arrival of the Spanish people and other Europeans, the region was not colonized until the 16th century.

The settlement was established as a port for embarking cattle from the haciendas.