In its origins (1591) the church was the chapel erected by padre Ferrante Ruiz for the Ospedale dei Pazzarelli, Rome's first insane asylum.

When this was moved to Via della Lungara in the 1720s, the church was given over to the Archiconfraternità dei Bergamaschi, who rebuilt it in 1731–35 to designs of Giuseppe Valvassori, added their patron saint to its dedication and used the hospital for their own sick.

It is the burial place of Cardinal Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti, antiquarian and native of Bergamo.

It supports understanding of the culture, the values and the traditions of Bergamo and their fertile dialogue with those of Rome.

The Church hosted a painting of the Seven Archangels whose names had been scratched out by order of Cardinal Albizzi.