Saturn Electrostatic Discharges

Terrestrial lighting events on Earth, in comparison, occur in the very low frequency (VLF) radio band, between 3 Hz and 30 kHz.

The term was subsequently coined by Warwick et al. in April 1981 in the Journal Planetary Radio Astronomy Observations from Voyager 1 Near Saturn.

Evans et al. hypothesized that they originated from a satellite located within Saturn's B Ring, which was also the proposed reason for a narrow feature also found.

[2][5] When the Cassini orbiter reached Saturn in 2004, SEDs and optical storm observations were finally directly linked.

This occurred when Cassini's ISS instrument imaged the Dragon Storm, which was located by the SEDs it produced and then optically verified.

In the images captured by amateurs, the SED storms proved easily detectable, manifesting as bright white spots.