As of the 2010 census, its population was 622 and it contained 286 housing units.

[2] It was formed from Council Hill and Thompson townships on March 7, 1855.

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 18.71 square miles (48.5 km2), all land.

[2] The highest point in Illinois, Charles Mound (1,235 ft; 376 m), is located in Scales Mount Township.

The township contains two cemeteries: Citizens and Holy Trinity.