Schwarz minimal surface

[1][2] They were later named by Alan Schoen in his seminal report that described the gyroid and other triply periodic minimal surfaces.

[5] They have been considered as models for periodic nanostructures in block copolymers, electrostatic equipotential surfaces in crystals,[6] and hypothetical negatively curved graphite phases.

[7] Schoen named this surface 'primitive' because it has two intertwined congruent labyrinths, each with the shape of an inflated tubular version of the simple cubic lattice.

[10] Schoen named this surface 'diamond' because it has two intertwined congruent labyrinths, each having the shape of an inflated tubular version of the diamond bond structure.

It can be approximated by the implicit surface An exact expression exists in terms of elliptic integrals, based on the Weierstrass representation.