Scoreboard

[citation needed] Most levels of sport from high school and above use at least one scoreboard for keeping score, measuring time, and displaying statistics.

In these, digits are often composed of large dot-matrix or seven-segment displays made of incandescent bulbs, light-emitting diodes, or electromechanical flip segments.

In both the United States and Canadian football codes, the minimum details displayed are the time and score of both teams.

In some multipurpose venues where ice hockey and basketball are played, the scoreboard unit which shows penalties will be used to display the player on the court, number of fouls, and points scored in the game.

Three-sided game shot clocks became a trend in the 1990s, and after a controversial series of calls during the 2002 NBA Playoffs, the NBA instituted a new game shot clock rule in 2002, requiring specific visibility of the game- and shot-clock time for instant-replay purposes.

There may also be another display either separate or combined with the scoreboard listing the radar gun reading of the last pitch thrown in miles per hour.

Currently, the largest scoreboards are located at Progressive Field in Cleveland, Ohio, and Kansas City, Missouri's Kauffman Stadium.

Another display has been added to minor and major league stadiums through the mid-2010s to the current day, the pitch clock, which will become a binding rule in MLB in the 2023 season.

This is a separate display, analogous to the play clock in football, and has multiple iterations throughout the stadium for maximum player, coach, and umpire visibility, along with spectators.

For cricket a scoreboard will as a minimum display the batting team's score, wickets fallen, the opposition's totals.

Most county-standard scoreboards will also display each batsman's score, overs remaining, extras, the bowlers currently on and details of the last wicket to fall.

[2] An ice hockey scoreboard will at the minimum display the time left (in North America) or played (in Europe), the number of goals scored by each team as well as any penalties currently being served.

In some arenas the sideboards of the hockey rink feature three or four LED displays the size of one advertising hoarding which will show scoring information and promotional messages, though their limited visibility makes them rarely used.

All codes of rugby football have a game clock, the number of tries, penalties, field goals and conversions listed.

A board displaying the current stoppage time is usually held up by one of the match officials towards the end of the first and second half.

Such may include either total fouls, corner kicks, shots on goal, or other important statistics for spectators to learn their team's overall performance.

The scores for the meet, swimmer by lane, and their current placing, along with their race times are displayed on this type of board.

The most common method of sending digital data over power lines at rates less than 2400 bits per second is called frequency shift keying (FSK).

A fairly recent technology called spread spectrum permits much more robust radio control of scoreboards.

Within the last few years most major league, professional and major college venues also include smaller displays featuring closed captioning of announcements from the public address system and advertisements displayed on the scoreboards to comply with the United States Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for the hard of hearing, and to allow distracted spectators to read what had been said.