The Second Church was a congregation active during 1649–1970, which occupied a number of locations around Boston, Massachusetts.
First Church in Boston was founded in 1630 by John Winthrop's original Puritan settlement.
Second Church, also known as the "Church of the Mathers", was founded in 1649 when Boston's population spread to the North End and justified an additional congregation sited closer to those individuals' homes.
Both churches were, later in their histories, examples of the westward movement of Boston churches from the crowded, older downtown area to the newer, more fashionable Back Bay.
This area was developed for residential use after lowlands were filled in during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.