Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos

[6] However, Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his term indefinitely.

But in order to win his second term, which would be from 1969 to 1972, Marcos pursued a USD50 million spending spree on infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate.

[14][15] The "Moderates", which included church groups, civil libertarians, and nationalist politicians, were those who wanted to create change through political reforms.

[17] This notably included the National Union of Students in the Philippines,[16] and later the Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties or MCCCL, led by Senator José W.

[15] By the time Marcos gave the first State of the Nation Address of his second term on January 26, 1970, the unrest born from the 1969–1970 Balance of Payments Crisis exploded into a series of demonstrations, protests, and marches against the government.

Student groups – some moderate and some radical – served as the driving force of the protests, which lasted until the end of the university semester in March 1970, and would come to be known as the "First Quarter Storm".

Some of the students participating in the protest harangued Marcos as he and his wife Imelda as they left the Congress building, throwing a coffin, a stuffed alligator, and stones at them.

Other delegates would become influential political figures, including Hilario Davide, Jr., Marcelo Fernan, Sotero Laurel, Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., Teofisto Guingona, Jr., Raul Roco, Edgardo Angara, Richard Gordon, Margarito Teves, and Federico Dela Plana.

889, through which he assumed emergency powers and suspended the writ of habeas corpus – an act which would later be seen as a prelude to the declaration of Martial Law more than a year later.

[32] Marcos's suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpus became the event that forced many members of the moderate opposition, including figures like Edgar Jopson, to join the ranks of the radicals.

[33][34] Plaza Miranda was soon followed by a series of about twenty explosions which took place in various locations in Metro Manila in the months immediately proceeding Ferdinand Marcos's proclamation of Martial Law.

[36] Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in late September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his presidency indefinitely.