A research team in MIT proposed this concept using lithium-ion battery materials.
[2] In such a system, both positive (cathode) and negative electrode (anode) consist of active material particles with carbon black suspended in liquid electrolyte.
Another research team in University of Virginia reported a carbon-free flow battery system.
[6] Another approach is to pump the liquid phase only, leaving the solid active materials in the energy storage tanks.
A research group reported redox targeting flow battery.