The Separation of Saints Peter and Paul is a painting by the Italian Baroque painter Giovanni Lanfranco.

The dispute was whether Christian salvation was available only to Jews or also to non-Jews (Gentiles).

St Paul is almost certainly the green and red-robed younger bearded man on the left, with a sword rising behind him, forging forward with his entourage to proselytize the outside world.

On the right of the canvas, the elder white-haired man, in a yellow robe is led back into the city to administer the church.

The painting was present in Cardinal Mazarin's collection by 1653, was acquired by King Louis XIV in 1671 and moved to Versailles.