Previously known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, this was the nation's third and last joint appearance at the Summer Olympics before Serbia and Montenegro became separated independent states in 2006.

Men's basketball, football, volleyball, and water polo were the only team-based sports in which Serbia and Montenegro had its representation at these Games.

Meanwhile, four Serbia and Montenegro athletes had made their fourth Olympic appearance: high jumper Dragutin Topić, shot putter Dragan Perić (the oldest of the team at age 40), rifle shooter Stevan Pletikosić, and table tennis player Slobodan Grujić.

Basketball team captain Dejan Bodiroga was appointed by the committee to become the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony.

[9] Head coach: Ljubomir Travica The following is the Serbia and Montenegrin roster in the men's water polo tournament of the 2004 Summer Olympics.