On 15 February 2007, President Vladimir Putin announced that Naryshkin had been appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for external economic activity, focusing on collaboration with the Commonwealth of Independent States.

[citation needed] In May 2009, President Dmitry Medvedev appointed him chairman of the Historical Truth Commission, which was active until February 2012.

[21] His son, Andrey Naryshkin, had EU residence in Hungary, a registered address in Budapest and actively appealed the decision against its revocation in 2022.

[23] In November 2021, Naryshkin dismissed reports of a possible invasion of Ukraine asserting that it was "malicious propaganda by the US State Department".

[24] Days before Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, Naryshkin received widespread attention in the global press[25][26][27] for visibly trembling and "stutter[ing] uncomfortably"[28] as Putin humiliated him publicly for "fumbling"[29] his response to the Russian President's questioning during a Security Council of Russia meeting concerning the abandonment of the Minsk agreements and recognizing the Russian-backed separatist regions[30] of Donetsk and Luhansk.

On 6 April 2022 in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Naryshkin to its list of persons sanctioned pursuant to Executive Order 14024.

[31] On 15 August 2023 Naryshkin gave a speech at a security conference in Moscow, where he argued that for "a spiritually and physically healthy person, it’s unpleasant and sometimes even scary to travel to Europe–so many perversions of various kinds have thrived there".

the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA).