He was a self-nominated candidate in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, and is chairman of the O. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

He was the founder of molecular immunology studies in Ukraine; his team was the first in the former Soviet Union to implement immunoenzyme methods, monoclonal antibody technique, and flow cytofluorimetry in research.

He was the head of the Ukrainian Scientific Immunology Program; under his guidance it was found that low-dose radiation from Chernobyl fall-out decreased the number and activity of natural killer cells in humans.

[2] Komisarenko was Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine from 1990 to 1992, responsible for public health, science and technology, education, culture, and religion.

In 2007 President Yushchenko appointed him Chairman of the Commission on Biosafety and Biosecurity at the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.