[4] Men often learn they have Sertoli cell-only syndrome between the ages of 20 and 40 when they are checked for infertility and found to produce no sperm.

[3] Most cases of SCO syndrome are idiopathic, however, causes may include deletions of genetic material on Y-chromosome regions, particularly the azoospermia factor area.

Although there is no effective treatment at the moment, assisted reproductive technology may help some men with SCO syndrome reproduce.

[4] The majority of patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (up to 90%) have increased FSH levels, which are typically two to three times normal.

These include Y-chromosome microdeletions, notably in the azoospermia factor region, chemical or toxin exposure, radiation therapy, or severe testicular injuries.

Recent evidence indicates a Y-chromosomal CDY1 deletion in Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of the DAZ and CDY1 genes could potentially predict this condition as well as assess the possibility of finding any mature spermatozoa for fertility treatment.

Sertoli cell-only disease is frequently characterized by azoospermia which is the complete absence of sperm in semen.