Shah Jahan II (Persian pronunciation: [ʃɑːh d͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn]; June 1696 – 17 September 1719), born Mirza Rafi-ud-Daulah, was briefly the twelfth Mughal emperor in 1719.

He was the second son of Rafi-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur khan[3] Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known but he is believed to have been eighteen months older than his brother Rafi ud-Darajat.

[4] Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat due to tuberculosis.

He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki at Mehrauli in Delhi.

[7] Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan claimed that Shah Jahan II was poisoned by the Sayyid brothers, but historian William Irvine disputed this, saying that the Shah's diarrhoea was due to opium withdrawal, that Kamwar Khan had much to be upset about since his prospects were ruined by Shah Jahan's death, and that the Sayyids had nothing to gain from his death.