Shahlufa (Classical Syriac: ܫܚܠܘܦܐ, romanized: šaḥlūfā, lit.
'Substitute') was a legendary primate of the Church of the East, who is conventionally believed to have reigned from 220 to 224 A.D. Brief accounts of the life of Shahlufa are given in the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of the Jacobite writer Bar-Hebraeus (fl.
Although Shahlufa is included in traditional lists of primates of the Church of the East, his existence has been doubted by J. M. Fiey, one of the most eminent twentieth-century scholars of the Church of the East.
In Fiey's view, Shahlufa was one of several fictitious bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon whose lives were concocted in the sixth century to bridge the gap between the late third century bishop Papa, the first historically attested bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, and the apostle Mari, the legendary founder of Christianity in Persia.
After the death of Ahadabui, the Eastern bishops assembled and consecrated him.