Dadiani began his theatrical career in 1893 and quickly became a close collaborator of Lado Aleksi-Meskhishvili at the Kutaisi Theatre.

In 1908, he formed Modzravi Dasi (“Mobile Troupe”), a peripatetic theatre of revolutionary propaganda, which toured in various cities of Georgia, as well as Baku and Novorossiysk, and staged, among others, Maxim Gorky’s The Last, a play censored by the Russian authorities.

After the establishment of Soviet rule in Georgia (1921), Dadiani’s works were either tacitly hostile to the new regime, or remained apolitical.

However, Dadiani never let his narrative ingenuity endanger his future by oppositionist writings, and his later novels and plays glorified Soviet premier Joseph Stalin.

He became People's Artist of the Georgian SSR in 1923, and was decorated with a number of Soviet awards, including the Order of Lenin.