Shashmaqom (/ˌʃæʃməˈkɒm/ SHASH-mə-KOM; Uzbek: [ˌʃæʃmaˈqɒm]; Tajik: [ʃɐʃmɐˈqɔm]) is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which may have developed in the city of Bukhara.

In the first half of the 20th century in Uzbekistan, Abdul Rauf Fitrad, member of the Jadid, was particularly interested in shashmaqam, the traditional music of the Court.

In the 1930s, during the Soviet regime of Joseph Stalin, Uzbek shashmaqom was seen as an echo of the feudal ruling class and as a kind of music that impinged cultural progress toward adoption of European-style harmony.

In Tajikistan, the local leadership decided that shashmaqom should form a part of the national traditional heritage.

[1] This style of music was brought to the Western world, particularly to the United States, by the Bukharian Jews of Central Asia.