The Shire of Rutherglen was a local government area about 275 kilometres (171 mi) north-northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.

The shire covered an area of 530.9 square kilometres (205.0 sq mi), and existed from 1862 until 1994.

Rutherglen was incorporated as a road district on 12 September 1862, and became a shire on 16 June 1871.

On 15 December 1920, the Borough of Rutherglen, which had been gazetted on 12 September 1862, with an area of 518 hectares (1,280 acres), was merged into the shire as its Central Riding.

[3] Rutherglen was divided into three wards, each of which elected three councillors: * Council seat.