Shirinsho Shotemur (also spelt Shirinshah Shahtimur,[1] Shirinsho Shotemor, et al.; Tajik: Шириншоҳ Шоҳтемур[2] Shirinshoh Shohtemur; Russian: Шириншо Шотемор[3] Širinšo Šotemor; 1 December 1899 – 27 October 1937[3])[4] was a prominent Pamiri politician who made a major contributions to the early history of Soviet Tajikistan and was instrumental in the establishment of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.

From 1923 to 1924 he worked as an instructor of the national minorities department of Tajikistan's Communist Party Central Committee.

The same year he initiated the exit of Tajikistan from the Uzbek SSR and the establishment of the new Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.

Many Soviet historians believe that his initiatives to separate Tajikistan from the Uzbek SSR caused his rivals to falsify charges against Shotemur, which led to his death sentence.

He was also a close colleague of Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai, an Afghan political exile who was handed a British Death Sentence[a] for his contributions to the Anglo-Afghan War who was also a founder of Tajikistan and arrested on false charges, then killed in 1937.

Eventually, a friend helped the family change his younger brother's name to Rustam Arturovich Avotyn to avoid further problems.