Centered in the historical Sogdiana, it is located in the northwest of the country, with an area of some 25,400 square kilometers and a population of 2,707,300 (2020 estimate),[1] up from 2,233,550 according to the 2010 census and 1,871,979 in 2000.

The Province's ethnic composition in 2010 was 84% Tajik, 14.8% Uzbek, 0.6% Kyrgyz, 0.4% Russian and 0.1% Tatar.

Sughd is separated from the rest of Tajikistan by the Gissar Range (passes may be closed in winter).

[8] Since 2000, the output of industrial production increased two-fold, at an average annual growth rate of 5–8%.

The province is divided into 10 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, raion) and 8 district-level cities.