It is monotypic, consisting of only one species, the Tenasserim cave frog (Siamophryne troglodytes).

[3] S. troglodytes is known only from a single limestone cave system in Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand.

There are several species of guano-producing bats inhabiting the cave system.

The ecology of the cave is affected by local guano mining.

[3] The basal positions of the genera Vietnamophryne and Siamophryne within the subfamily Asterophryinae point to the origin of the subfamily in Indochina, with dispersals into Australasia occurring subsequently.