The Sieges of Pereiaslav in 1661–1662 are episodes of the Ruin and the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667.Yuri Khmelnitsky, the Hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine, who went over to the side of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, twice attempted to take Pereiaslav , which was defended by his uncle, Yakym Somko, who led the Left-Bank opposition to Khmelnitsky, and a garrison of tsarist troops led by Prince Volkonsky-Verigin.

[1] Yuri Khmelnitsky, having signed the Treaty of Chudnov with the Poles, faced opposition to his foreign policy from the Left Bank regiments, led by Pereiaslav Colonel Yakim Somko.

[2] Khmelnytsky, having gathered a large army consisting of Cossacks and Tatars, tried to drain the Trubizh and the Alta river.

[3] The forces of Khmelnytsky would constantly come in small numbers from five hundred to a thousand people, who would be used as lure to draw enemy troops into the open, where they could be ambushed by larger armies concealed in the forests.

The city was defended by approximately 4,000 tsarist troops and 3,000-4,000 Cossacks from the Pereyaslav regiment, who were expecting reinforcements from Colonel Vasily Zolotarenko.